The Big Trip: Reflections Sunday, Aug 31 2008 

At this point, I suppose I haven’t much more to say about our trip.  I’m glad we took it, and I’d recommend seeing a good lot of the things we saw; though, I’d also recommend taking more time to see it all and, budget allowing, hiring a car and driver.

While on the road, I did write some notes on walls, slavery, and West African cultures, but I think I’ll let them mature a little.  For now, I’m glad to be back in Benin, where we know the system, transport feels (and may actually be) easier and better, and where we have our house.  Dog and cat are hopefully soon to be residing with us, too, we hope – the latter more for pest-control than companionship.  And, after the swearing-in of the new PCVs and a visit from the PC Regional Director for Africa as part of the festivities surrounding Peace Corps’ 40 years in Benin, I’ll be able to settle back into work with my artisans.  Phoebe starts back to work sometime in September or October.

We’ll keep you posted, of course.

The Big Trip: Mopti Sunday, Aug 31 2008 

First, let me say that Mopti’s Ya Pas de Probleme Hotel is a great place where, only a little surprisingly, there really aren’t any problems without solutions.  We had good food and comfortable lodging, and the price was not exorbitant.  Perhaps the best impression was left when the French owner presented us two solutions to a problem created by his staff, namely: that we were booked into the dormitory at the same time a tour group was supposed to be monopolizing it.  Without hesitation, he offered to split up that group or to give us another room at the same price.  We took the latter option.

Second, I’d like to endorse Mopti as a tourist destination.  The guidebooks malign it.  Other PCVs had bad experiences there.  But we liked it.  (Only one instance of harassment, “Mali is better than Benin” from a punk teenager, even barely deserves mention.)  Sure, there are plenty of guys there who want to take you for a ride – on their boat – or be your guide for the day, but they’re no more bothersome than the mosquitos in Burkina, really.  And yes, there’s only enough to see to fill about 1/2 to 3/4 of the day, but that isn’t necessarily rare in West Africa, from what we’ve seen.

In the morning, we wandered around town, seeing the mosque and taking in the market-town atmosphere.  We visited the boatworks, where we picked up a 10 year old guide, “Ali Farka Touré,” who led us to the older souvenir market.  I say “older,” as there is also a new, well-funded, clean and sparkly Marché des Souvenirs, which we avoided like the plague.  Our souvenir market had vendors who were quite happy to see us – the first customers of the day at 10 in the morning and, so far as we could tell, the only ones apart from one other couple who came along later on.  Though he failed to obtain his great desire, a meal at the (no doubt pricey) Bozo Bar, the kid did get some drinks, a toy car, and half an omelette sandwich for his services, and we got some good souvenirs and gifts.  After omelette sandwiches, we headed back to the hotel, where we enjoyed the pool for a while and relaxed.

In the evening, we headed out with a handicapped high-schooler whose friend had a pirogue on the Bani River, the Niger tributary that flows through Mopti.  A bad idea, it turns out, as Phoebe’s not the greatest fan of small boats, but we did get to see Bozo, Fulani, Songhaï, and other villages, as well as float over the confluence of the Bani and Niger rivers.  Back safely on dry land (ilhumdulillah), we ventured over to the handicapped association’s craftworks.  One has to hand it to the physically disabled in Mali and Benin: many are highly motivated, they band together, and they ambitiously work to improve their lives while providing each other fellowship.

Another night at the hotel, and we began the travel adventure back to Benin.

The Big Trip: Dogon, Day 3 Sunday, Aug 31 2008 

I awoke early (with the sun, per usual these days) and watched a disappointing “sunrise” through the eastern clouds.  We had a breakfast of millet cakes and eggs – both deep-fried and oily, like much West African cuisine.  The cakes are tangy, spongy, and gray, akin to the “pancakes” you can get at Ethiopian restaurants back in the states.

Getting ourselves together, we all headed out early for Begnimatou.

This trek could not have been done in the rain or the wet.  It involved much mud and then clambering over slick and sanding rocks – a fact made frustrating by our expectation that all would be flat and easy going from here on out.  Nevertheless, another three-villages-in-one: Muslim, Catholic (the largest), and animist, Begnimatou was worth it.

A short rest and some water gave us the spirit to visit Thomas, one of the village’s two huntsmen, and have our pictures taken with him in full regalia.  His outfit included cowrie-shell-encrusted leather and mud cloth, a pipe for his “tobacco,” a leather pouch containing flint, steel, and kindling, and an ancient-looking musket with a face carved into the butt.  We saw, too, his “sleeping room” – one of the three types of granaries, not more than 6 ft. by 6 ft., containing a mattress, clothes, and some personal articles.  (Later on, in Mopti, we’d decide that a photo on a postcard might actually have been him in his younger days.)

Begnimatou clings to a rock outcropping, is built of stone (since there is no mud to speak of), and makes one wonder at people’s ingenuity and determination to live in what most of us would call “inhospitable” regions.  We met a few more of her residents, including the other hunter, some pigs, the millet beer lady (Benin’s is better!), and then continued on our way – the longest and, frankly, unexpectedly most exhausting leg of our trek, to Konsogou-Ley.

Here , we mainly waited for transport, as Phoebe had been the misery of fever and cough since Koro and we were all in the mood for a hot shower and soft bed.  We did wander over to the cliff and regarded the vast Sahelian landscape (desertification in progress?) and a small village whence the residents of  Konsogou-Ley had moved thirty years prior, for reasons we didn’t catch.  It may have to do with Konsogou-Ley’s tripartite nature, the division, again, along religious lines.  The residents below, doing

Back at Chez Andégné, our rest-stop, I tried a strange fruit, the liane.  We played with the kids, ate lunch and bananas, had an cup of delicious mint tea, and headed for our Landcruiser ride to Bandiagara.  The rest of that trip, of course, is detailed in Transport Troubles, Day 2.

Art in Africa Sunday, Aug 24 2008 

We just got back from a free visit to the Fondation Zinsou, where we saw an exhibition of Malian photographer Malick Sidibe.  Great exhibit, well put-together.  What’s really cool, in case you can’t read the French, is that the Foundation was established to expose Africans to African art produced in Africa – something that doesn’t happen as often as expositions of African art outside of Africa.

The Big Trip: Dogon, Day 2 Sunday, Aug 24 2008 

Awoke to roosters, then donkeys, then the call to prayer.  Wandered up (climbed) the hill to the old village and saw some cool paintings in the hogon’s place.  Noticed the terraced gardens, including millet and Dogon “tobacco.”  We learned about Sigui, the twice-in-a-lifetime (once every 60 years) dancing of the masks, one of which includes a dancer on one-meter tall stilts!  Back “in the down,” as Mikey put it, we did some shopping for indigo and mudcloth.  I bought a mask from a little old man (probably 50 years old, but Africa ages her natives).  The Dogon were over-matched by our Benin-honed bargaining skills; though, of course, they still got a fair price.

We got back on the two-track piste, which brought us to Yabatalou, 6k away, and lunch of couscous and veggie sauce: delicious!  Less delicious were the kola nuts we tried en route.  Kola come in two colors, red and speckled yellow-green.  We tried the red, which is presumably the better than the yellow-green.  “Disgusting!  Eww!” say Susie and Phoebe.  I say they taste kind of like a mixture of peanut shell and dirt, but not as sweet.  People, mostly old, chew them for energy.  They make your spit purple and numb your cheek, and they’re part of the vegetal base to Coca-Cola.

At the Yabatalou campement, there was offered us “traditional” shea-butter massage, which we turned down not because it would’ve been odd coming from a wrinkled and calloused man in Peulh clothing – though it would’ve – but rather because the “hard part” was ahead of us.  (Two PCVs we know got the massage after the hard part and said it was fantastic.  Maybe next time.)  After repos, we began our ascent through a still partially-inhabited collection of buildings and terraces (village?) at the base of the cliff-face, to a cut in the escarpment, where Dogon had constructed a rough stairway of semi-hewn rocks piled at a 60-80 degree angle.

Clamboring up wasn’t as bad as we expected, but it did involve two climbs on roughly-cut wooden “ladders” over abysmal openings in the rock.  The view from the top was amazing – 100 miles or more – but we didn’t have much time to savor it, as we were racing the rainclouds to the next village, Indeli.

Indeli is known as an animist village and promised a wealth of interesting things to see, as well as millet beer to taste.  The skies, however, were against us; thus, we took refuge in a dark stone hut with one small window, a beautifully carved wooden door, and we seen found out, not entirely leak-free mud-plastered walls.  This was meant to be our pit-stop on the way to Beningmatou.  Yet, as we watched the dark blue stormclouds kicking up dustdevils as they rolled across the plains toward us, our host surmised we’d be spending the night.

Mikey wasn’t convinced, though, and when the rain let up (and he and I awoke from our respective naps) we set out.  Foolishly.  About 500 meters from town, the pouring rain returned, and we were forced to seek shelter in the schoolhouse, where kids apparently learn such baffling (French) dialogs as:

A: Would you like well to play with me?
B: You know well that I’d like to, but I’m busy enough right now.
A: What are you doing?
B: You can see very well that I’m coloring.

And no, it didn’t sound much better in French.

Phoebe noticed the rain letting up and convinced Mikey that it might be now or never to get back to our shelter.  So, we did, passing a restless night in the small, dark room.  It did, at least, stop raining in time for us to have a late dinner of mutton and couscous.

The Big Trip: Dogon, Day 1 Sunday, Aug 24 2008 

We took a horsecart through millet fields down to the Falaise de Bandiagara, or Bandiagara Escarpment, stopping at the campement in Teli, which has a high, beautiful waterfall.  After a quick break, we hiked up to the cliff dwellings, where our guide, Mikey, related Dogon history, some cosmology, and a bit of daily life.

In short, we learned how the Dogon moved from the area near Mopti, Mali, leaving the fishermen Bozo at the confluence of the Bani and Niger rivers to seek their fortune elsewhere.  They came upon the escarpment, where lived a group of people called Tellem, whom Mikey described as the people we call Pygmies.  (Our guidebook describes them as short, red-skinned people.  At any rate, they were clearly short.)  The Tellem had built special places to hide their belongings high up on the cliff – leaving the Dogon to think that they had the ability to fly.  The Tellem, a hunting and gathering people, found they could not happily co-exist with the Dogon, an agricultural people, and they were gradually driven farther and farther out of what is today called the Pays Dogon, or Dogon Country.

Back at the campement, we had delicious (to me, anyway) macaroni and chicken with gravy for lunch and a repos on the roof, away from the bulk of the millions of swarming flies below, as well as a couple of shots of delicious mint tea.

In the afternoon, we made the five kilometer walk on a flat, sandy two-track from Teli to Endé, really three villages in one, which is Mikey & Oumar’s village natale. We rested and sampled some “millet milk,” which Dogon drink all day to keep their energy up, and then headed to the waterfalls.  These would’ve been significantly awsomer if we’d been advised  or realized that changing into our bathing suits would be a wise choice.  Susie and I went in in our clothes, much to Phoebe’s envy.  The water was amazingly refreshing and nearly worth the fear of slipping on a rock and breaking something or worse.  (Millet milk tastes, according to Susie, tortillas, or to me, like horchata, a Mexican rice drink.)

Back in village, we wandered over to the “desert” sands – one dune – where young shepherds, boys of about 8-12 years, were enjoying the freedom of dusk – the liminal time between work afield and dinner.  Once Susie took one’s photo, the shout “Photo! Photo! Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!” went up from the passel, and she was swarmed with dusty bodies all straining to see the digital results and clamoring to be the next model.  After a few minutes and a couple pounds of “la guerre ou la paix,” “war or peace,” we were ready to head back to dinner and bed.  Unfortunately for us, the goat wasn’t so good, and even with limited electricity, the “peaceful village” of “The Lion Sleeps Tonight” continues to reside in the land of legend and myth: be the din’s cause human, electronic, or animal.

Mikey also attempted to regale us with info on Dogon history, lore, cosmology, and society; though, I can’t say we got much out of it, thanks to his un-conjugated infinitives, over use of helping verbs (“didn’t to can’t), and confusing changes of person (I-you-he-she-they).  Not for lack of trying.  Mikey’s mostly very informative, however, and better in many cases than the guidebook, which tells one to visit at a hogon (a kind of high priest), who was three years dead at publishing!

We fell slowly asleep on the roof….

The Big Trip: Burkina & Into Mali Sunday, Aug 24 2008 

In the next few blogs, I’ll be writing about our less-hellish aspects of our trip through Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Benin….

Whereas Ghana is visibly one of the most “developed,” as well as “Westernized,” countries in West Africa – at least from the tourists’ highway-perspective – Burkina Faso is reputed to be one of the poorest.  Poverty here, however, isn’t as apparent as it is in, say, Benin.  Sure, people live in mud huts instead of concrete, but these also seem to be better-built and more durable here, possibly due to the weather (admittedly, I haven’t fact-checked this).  Burkinabe also raise cattle and have donkeys pulling their carts instead of children pushing them.

Ouagadougou is also, superficially, more developed than Cotonou, with wide, paved boulevards, neat architecture, and many high-end (for W. Africa, anyway) hotels.  It iss, admittedly difficult to tell where the numerous merchants live, but can it be worse than Cotonou?  Doubtful.

Highways are in better shape, too; though, that may again be due to less rainfall or geology and, so, fewer potholes.

Those were my initial impressions, which seem slightly less founded after traveling from Ouahigouya north to the Mali border.  We were to arrive at the minibus “gare” at 8 am.  By 9 am, we managed to get on the road, which was, after about 20 minutes, blocked by a chain “barrière de pluie,” or “rain barrier.”  After about 45 minutes, the man finally decided the road would be dry enough for us to pass.  We drove through much scrubland – apparently empty but for cattle, donkeys, sheep, cornfields, and spread-out dwellings.  Into the no-man’s-land between Burkina and Mali (which looks strikingly like Arizona), I saw a camel pulling a plow, as well as many more donkey carts.

Burkina, in general, is a largely flat savannah – trees interspersed with grassland and dirt – criss-crossed with dirt roads and two-tracks and dotted with mud dwellings and granaries, many built within fortress-like walls.

Once across the border into Koro, Mali, we met up with Oumar, our guide apparent (his brother actually would lead us through Dogon), and settled into some yam fries and delicious chicken (with a grande Castel beer for me) before continuing on to Bankass, again by unreliable minibus.  Despite the rough road – by no means rough by this old hand’s standards, but not at all the luxury to which Phoebe and Susie are accustomed – we made it without incident, and fairly quickly.

The road from Koro to Bankass is flanked by millet fields as far as the eye can see, speckled with sinkholes-turned-waterholes and villages, which often co-occur, and dotted with the usual livestock, a horse or camel here and there, and their child or adult herders.

After a long day of travel, we arrived at our budget-friendly hotel near dusk, took showers under the open sky, dined amongst mosquitos, and hit the hay.

Transport Troubles: Day 2 Tuesday, Aug 19 2008 

When I last left off, some friendly Canadians had just rescued us and got us to our hotel for the night.  They shared their food, as well, and we enjoyed sitting around for a while (and a couple grande beers).

Next day, we got the bus from Ouahigouya to Ouaga with no worries.  It left on time, as STMB busses seem always to do, and we made it into Ouaga early.  That’s when our next adventure started.

Instead of just taking it easy and resting in Ouaga for a day, we decided we’d try to make it to Benin.  After all, it was still early, and we had The Book (Lonely Planet), which recommended we get a minibus at a certain gas station.

At the station, we found a guy who was willing to sell us the tickets.  We should’ve seen the warning signs: the price was too high, he kept confusing the destination, and he was obstinate.  Still, beleaguered and hoping to get back to Benin sooner than expected, we pressed on.  Three and a half hours later, we found ourselves dumped on the side of the road in a glorified intersection called Sapanga.  Apparently, there is a town in Burkina Faso named Tindangou, which is decidedly not Nattitingou, Benin, but which everyone insisted we had paid 12,000 francs each to get to.  Now, it seems, the driver had taken off with the bulk of our money, leaving the transfer man only enough to get us where we didn’t want to go.  He didn’t want to give us our money back, understandably, as he would then gain nothing from our sojourn at his crossroads.  We didn’t want to wait around till dark for the driver to come back through town (and didn’t really expect him to); so, we finally convinced the transfer man to give us our 9,000 when an STMB bus came rolling into town — our salvatory ride back to Ouaga for the night.

Back in Ouaga, we stopped at the Gare de l’Est, which is where we shuould’ve gone in the first place to get our minibus, and despite almost getting left behind when our bus started moving again, Phoebe managed to secure us reservations for the next morning.  We saw our Canadian friends again when we went out for dinner, and I imagine they were a bit shocked to see us.  (We must have been a fairly grizzled sight, too!)

No troubles on what seemed like day 152095: today.  Got our minibus to Tanguieta.  Got another one to Nattitingou.  And, tomorrow, we have reservations for the ConfortLines (sic) to Cotonou.

Ilhumdulillah!

Transport Troubles: Day 1 Monday, Aug 18 2008 

… is putting it mildly.  If I’ve complained about the transport in Benin before, please forgive me: compared to Kumasi, north to Burkina, still further north to Mali, and south toward Benin, our happy home is a veritable Eden.

The start of our troubles was only a minor setback on the way from Kumasi, Ghana, to Ouagadougou (“Ouaga”): our bus broke down (at the station, happily) and we were stranded near the border for a few hours.  Nevertheless, we ended up in Ouaga on time and only had minor hassles at the border (taking all of our bags off the bus just so we could put them back on again).

Our guide suggested we stay in Ouahigouya to avoid arriving at the border prior to its closing at 6 pm, and Ouaga to Ouahigouya, actually, was a pleasure.  The STMB bus left on time and arrived on time, exactly three hours later.  Once in Ouahigouya, though, things again started to go downhill, starting with a 2000 fCFA ride to our hotel.  He offered to bring us back in the morning to get the minibus across the border — for another two grand.  No thanks!

Next morning’s leg was Ouahigouya to Koro, Mali — another 3 hour leg, but in a bien serré-ed (think sardines in cans) minibus.  Unfortunately, 20 minutes out of town, we found the road was blocked by a “barrière de pluie,” a rain barrier.  Presumably, they string this chain and sign across the road whenever in pours like it did the night before so that folks don’t get stuck in the mud.  In practice, three vehicles came the other way and several donkey carts sallied forth while we sat and waited, prompting one woman to remark that the rain apparently only singles out certain vehicles to stop.  Finally, after about 45 minutes, we were freed and made it into Mali without incident.

Our transport to Dogon was normal by Phoebe’s and my standards.  Out of it, we had to fight with the katkat (SUV) driver, who wanted 2750 fCFA more because it had rained the night before.  He complained of the mud.  I told him that’s what katkats were for.  He relented when our guide’s brother (the fixer, often-time PCV guide, and generally good guy Oumar) was called.

At the taxi stand in Bandiagara, we found an empty minibus waiting, which we were assured would fill up for our ride to Mopti, though it was already mid-afternoon.  So, we discuté-ed for a bush taxi, which we thought we were renting out for a direct ride to Mopti — a fatal assumption which led to a row at the gas station when the driver thought he’d make a quick buck by picking up a couple extra passengers without making the appropriate adjustment to our fare.  We won the argument, but in vain, for when we arrived in Mopti, he dumped us at the city gates and walked away from the car (the ultimate insult in any argument).

A gloriously mostly hassle-free day in Mopti folloed (more later), and then it was time again to get on the road back to Ouaga.  The taxi out was decent: we got a stunning view as we came down the falaise in Dogon country southwest of Bandiagara.  We had to walk across a swollen muddy river as the driver took his car across, which I thought was kind of funny if not fun.  From Bankass to Koro, though, the road certainly deteriorated, as did the health of our joints and heads.  By the end of this portion of dirt road, we were rattled and ready to get on to Ouahigouya.

Four hours later, we boarded our minibus, bound for Burkina.  Not ten minutes out, we hit a goat.  Actually, a herd of goats, but only one seems to have lost his life.  Our driver then seems to have ticked off the police at the checkpoint, but it was smoothed over with an iPod charger and 500 francs.  Odd.

No problems till we got into Burkina, around sunset, at which point we ran out of gas.  Not because we hadn’t put any in, but rather because the driver thought 3 liters would be sufficient for the remaining hour of travel.  Happily, after an hour or so, a couple Canadians volunteering in Ouaga came along in an SUV with a friend and two other rescuees and took us to their hotel, where we were also planning to stay.

to be continued…

Notes from the Sahel Saturday, Aug 16 2008 

After a grueling (a trend in transport this trip) couple days’ travel to get to Koro, Mali, we’ve managed to finally feel as if we’re on vacationm, sightseeing and all.  Koro is a village just past the no-man’s land that stretches between the last outpost of Burkina Faso and the first of Mali, or vice-versa, depending on you perspective.  We spent three and a half days in the Dogon Country and are now happily ensconced in a French-run hotel in Mopti, Mali, at the confluence of the Bani and Niger rivers.  More on Dogon in future, less expensive posts.  For now, some notes:

Burkina Faso is expensive, and Mali even more so, especially for transport.

People in Mali smoke much more than other countries in W. Africa.  Asked why, our guide said that since people don’t drink…. Guess everyone needs a vice.

Dogon people, like the Fon and Adja of Benin, as well as the Bembara, all seem to lack a word for “because”; I will investigate this phenomenon soon.

Dogon people all have two names, said our guide, Mikey: a Christian or Muslim (or presumably animist) one and a traditional Dogon name.  When asked what his Dogon name was, Mikey couldn’t say!  He said only his parents knew.


Tomorrow, it’s off on a three-day trek back to Benin, via Koro; Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso; Ougadougou; Nattitingou, Benin; and Houegbo.  More to come…

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